Research ReportCRS In FocusVersion 7
IF11025
Immigration: “Recalcitrant” Countries and the Use of Visa Sanctions to Encourage Cooperation with Alien Removals
Published Jul 10, 2020Updated Jun 21, 2025
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What this is
The Congressional Research Service is a nonpartisan policy and legal analysis arm of the Library of Congress. CRS reports are written for members of Congress and their staff, not the public — but they’re made available openly through Congress.gov.