Rural Health Care Quality Improvement Act of 2016

This bill amends titles XVIII (Medicare) and XIX (Medicaid) of the Social Security Act to:

• establish certain health care quality measures with respect to rural providers;
• include such measures within specified Medicare payment models; 
• revise certain requirements related to specified Medicare grants for rural emergency medical services and critical access hospitals;
• require the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation to test a hospital readmissions reduction program for rural hospitals, a model for incentivizing rural providers to submit data on applicable quality measures, and value-based payment models for services furnished by rural providers; and
• require the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to allow rural health clinics and federally qualified health centers to participate in the Comprehensive Primary Care Plus test model.