Next Generation Research Act - Amends the Public Health Service Act to establish the Next Generation of Research Initiative in the National Institutes of Health (NIH) to coordinate NIH policies and programs aimed at promoting and providing opportunities for new researchers.

Requires the NIH to: (1) promote policies and programs to improve opportunities for new researchers; (2) develop or modify policies, as needed, including to strengthen mentorship programs and enhance diversity efforts; and (3) request the National Academy of Sciences to conduct a comprehensive study and report on policies affecting the next generation of researchers as part of a study on biomedical and behavioral research personnel.