Emerging Business Encouragement Act of 2014 - Amends the Small Business Act to direct the Administrator of the Small Business Administration (SBA), for each industry category for which the Administrator established a size standard, to establish procedures, by rule, for designating a small business in that industry category as an emerging business enterprise (EBE).

Requires the procedures to include specified criteria and a process for appealing the Administrator's decisions on designations.

Requires the designation to expire when the small business is no longer in compliance with the criteria, except that:

• in the case of an EBE which existed as a business entity before its EBE designation, the designation shall not expire until five years after it was made; and
• if the EBE exceeds the required size limitation its designation shall expire only if the size is 50% or more of the maximum size of a small business within that industry category.

Directs the Administrator to establish criteria for designation of an EBE, including:

• a maximum number of employees determined according to a certain formula,
• an age of not more than five years, and
• a specified salary limitation for any individual who owns any part of the small business or who is in a management position.

Requires the head of each federal agency to establish goals for participation by the designated EBEs in at least 5% of all contracts, including prime contracts and subcontracts, for each fiscal year.

Authorizes the Administrator to make a loan to a designated EBE under the SBA Express Loan Program, but only in accordance with specified terms.

Requires the Administrator, by rule, to establish a process for initial self-certification of EBEs for purposes of participation in federal contracts and eligibility for the Express Loans.